血液病与淋巴瘤的临床诊断是临床、影像学、病理诊断和多项检验结果综合分析的结果。近20年来，随着肿瘤基础与临床研究的深入，靶向等多种新药的研发，以及新的生物检测技术的临床应用，决定了当今血液病与淋巴瘤分类的复杂化和诊断治疗的精准化。与此相对应的是诊断和检测项目与方法以及临床应用的多样化，包括疾病诊断、预后、危险分级、靶向治疗、疗效观察、病程监测、预后再判定、治疗方案和治疗方案调整等。这既凸显病理与检验在血液病与淋巴瘤临床诊治中的作用的重要性，又展现出诊断手段和过程的复杂性。目前，单纯形态学诊断或任何单一学科或技术的检测结果已不能满足疾病诊治中的临床需求。临床工作中，血液病与淋巴瘤诊断与治疗需要多学科多技术的参与，即形态学(M)、免疫分型(I)、细胞遗传(C)和分子病理(M)的参与。本世纪初，从欧美引进的MICM多学科多技术参与的理念已成为国内临床诊治的专业共识。本文在介绍MICM理念的基础上，向国内同仁介绍北美淋巴瘤与血液病诊断亚专科的综合诊断模式和组织架构，及相对应的诊断医师复合型培训方式。以供国内血液病与淋巴瘤诊治工作和学科发展建设中借鉴与参考。

Diagnoses of hematolymphoid malignancies result from multidisciplinary participation and comprehensive analyses; this includes clinical data, imaging studies, pathology and various esoteric tests. For the last twenty years, because of advances in tumor biology, various novel modalities of anti-cancer treatments especially with targeted anti-cancer drugs, and new technology, classification of hematolymphoid malignancies has become more and more complex; at the same time, the diagnoses and treatment modalities have been trending towards greater sophistication and precision. In addition to the initial diagnosis, nowadays, a modern pathology and laboratory service center must have abilities to provide multiple tests of increasing sensitivity and complexity for the purposes of, for example, prognosis and risk stratification, targeted therapy, treatment effect monitoring, disease monitoring after remission, target gene mutation monitoring, prognosis reassessment after chemotherapy, and treatment re-adjustment. Therefore, pathology and laboratory service have become an imperative component of modern medicine. Morphology alone or using any single test simply cannot meet the hematology-oncology needs. In fact, multi-test modalities, comprehensive analyses and integrated reporting, are standard practice along with their training programs throughout the health systems in the North America. At the turn of the century, technologies including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and later, molecular diagnostics have been adopted for the diagnoses of hematolymphoid malignancies in China. This article further discusses comprehensive approaches to the diagnoses of hematolymphoid malignancies, their organizational structures, and multidiscipline-oriented subspecialty training programs for hematopathologists. The approaches are characterized by emphasizing that hematopathologists must have comprehensive subspecialty-required multidiscipline analytical skill, must have abilities to provide integrated diagnoses based on the disease classification or comprehensive clinical-relevant interpretation of multi-test results, rather than provide technical results only, and must deliver integrated hematopathology reports.