精准医学的概念近几年备受国内外关注，髓系肿瘤由于其高度的复杂性和异质性，成为研究的重点之一。精准医学始于精准诊断，而精准诊断依赖于不同学科的诊断技术、可靠的质控体系以及合格的专业人员。在医疗改革的背景下，政府大力推行分级诊疗制度；但由于医疗资源和技术人员的分布不均，导致不同地区的诊断水平参差不齐，精准诊断也就无从谈起，从而限制了分级诊疗制度的推广。第三方医学检验中心的涌现，使各级医院有可能共享高质量的、多元化的专业检测。与此同时，人工智能在诊断方面崭露头角，未来会促使精准诊断步入一个新的台阶。

The concept of precision medicine has attracted increased attention in recent years, and myeloid neoplasm is becoming one of the hot topics due to its high complexity and heterogeneity. Precision medicine starts with precise diagnosis, and precise diagnosis depends on the diagnostic technology of different disciplines, reliable quality control system and qualified professionals. With the ongoing healthcare reform, the government vigorously promotes the system of grading diagnosis and treatment. However, because of the uneven distribution of medical resources and technical personnel, the level of diagnosis in different regions is uneven, and the precision medicine is a mission impossible, which restricts the promotion of the classification system. The emergence of reference labs has shed new lights on this dilemma so that various healthcare organizations could share the high quality medical resource. In addition, the advancement of artificial intelligence brings new potential for precision medicine.