Spinal cord injury (sci) is a kind of traumatic central nervous system disease, which often accompanied by plane the following spinal cord injury sensory, motor and autonomic nerve function lost, lead to a lifelong disability complications to the patients. To date there is no effective treatment to repair the injured spinal cord. Neural stem cells have self-renewal, proliferation and multi-directional differentiation potential. They can differentiate to neurons after transplantation and replace the necrosis of neurons and finally format the new synapses and rebuild neural pathways to promote the repair of spinal cord function, bring patients with spinal cord injury rehabilitation. In recent years, many scientists have genetically modified neural stem cells. They controlled the gene regulation or the combination with other cells of neural stem cells to make biomaterials and transplantation time optional for patients, and finally improve the efficiency of transplantation. Many considerable progress have been achieved in this field, but there are still some deficiencies need to be improved, such as the transplantation pathways, the transplantation opportunity, the number of transplanted cells, the immune rejection, the transplantation source and ethics, transplantation safety etc. In this paper, we reviewed the methods of neural stem cell transplantation, the opportunity of transplantation, the way of transplantation, and the problems and application prospects of neural stem cell transplantation.