Zika virus belongs to the family flaviviridae, Flavivirus. It is a single stranded RNA virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. According to its non-structural protein coding gene NS5, Zika virus can be divided into the Asian lineage, the East African lineage and the West African lineage. Zika virus disease caused by Aedes mosquitoes has been widespread, and so far, more than 20 cases of imported Zika virus infection have been reported in China. The mechanism of Zika virus infection is still unknown. There is no specific therapeutic drugs and vaccines for Zika, and the infection of Zika virus in pregnant women is closely related to the occurrence of microcephaly in newborns. Therefore, Zika virus disease and its complications are potential public health problems that should continue to be of considerable concern for a long time in the the future. Zika virus disease can only be diagnosed by laboratory test and mainly use reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or real-time fluorescent RT-PCR to detect viral nucleic acid or use ELISA to detect virus-related IgM antibodies.