To provide a potential molecular marker for the early diagnosis and treatment of COPD through investigating the correlation between rs10754558 mutation of NLRP3 3'non coding gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

A total of 113 COPD patients and 84 healthy controls were collected from August 2020 to June 2021 in the Fifth Affiliated Hosptial of Guangzhou Medical University. The SNP typing of nucleic acid was detected by HRM method. Meanwhile, clinical data and inflammatory indexes were collected, and pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx were examined in COPD patients. The χ² test, t test and logistic regression model were used to analyze the correlation between SNPs and COPD.

There was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequency of NLRP3 rs10754558 among stable COPD group, AECOPD group and healthy control group (χ²=2.798, P=0.592; χ²=0.538, P=0.765). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with G allele and C allele had no increased risk of COPD (P＞0.05). However, the level of CRP in G allele was significantly higher than that in C allele (P=0.016).

There was no significant correlation between COPD and rs10754558 polymorphism of NLRP3. The expression of inflammatory factors was increased in COPD patients. G allele may be related to the high expression of CRP in patients with COPD.