In the era of big data, the application of databases in the medical field continues to deepen. With the increasing amount of medical data, the continuous enrichment of medical data types and structures, and the continuous changes in usage scenarios, traditional databases urgently need further iterative upgrades. This paper summarizes the characteristics of new technologies emerging in the era of big data, including artificial intelligence (AI) technology [machine learning, Natural language processing (NLP) technology, object-oriented methods] and proposes the application methods of new technologies combined with the current status of databases in the medical field, especially clinical research databases, as well as possible future development directions and application prospects. It is believed that in the medical field, the database will continue to combine emerging technologies to improve its own functions and application scenarios, meet the diverse needs of clinical practice, and provide more solid data support and broader thinking for disease research.