As a strategically vital resource of significant national importance, the protection and utilization of biological resources are intricately linked not only to national biological security but also to the expansion of the biological industry. Experimental cell resources, as a pivotal constituent of biological resources, play an indispensable role in life science research and the development of biomedicine. The establishment of a sharing platform for experimental cell resources in China continues to confront numerous challenges, including insufficient resource integration, an imperfect quality control system, limited technical service capabilities, and an inadequate data management framework. Consequently, this paper, adopting a national strategic perspective, examines the necessity and feasibility of constructing a multimodal governance system for biological resource repositories, using the national model and the sharing platform of distinctive experimental cell resource repositories as illustrative cases. Simultaneously, it offers pertinent recommendations aimed at providing theoretical underpinnings and practical guidance for the development and governance of biological resource repositories in China.