人类遗传资源是指含有人体基因组、基因及其产物的器官、组织、细胞、核酸、核酸制品等资源材料及其产生的信息资料；我国人类遗传资源非常丰富，依法加强我国人类遗传资源的保护、管理和研究利用，对增强我国生物和医药科技的研发能力，保障人民身体健康和国家安全，具有重要意义。本文梳理了目前国际人类遗传资源的管理现状，同时分析了我国人类遗传资源管理的现状与挑战，提出了合理保护和利用我国人类遗传资源的对策与建议。

Human genetic resources refer to human genetic materials such as organs, tissues, cells, nucleic acids, nucleic acid products, etc., containing human genome, genes and their products of the information. China is abundant in human genetic resources, therefore how to protect and make highly rational use of the resources is very critical. In this review we will provide an overview of the current status of the management and utilization of human genetic resources in a global context, and evaluate the status quo of Chinese situation, future challenges and possible solutions.