To optimize the distribution of medical resources and promote the flow of high quality medical resources to grass-root medical institutions, and form an orderly medical-care-seeking pattern ultimately, China has put the establishment of the hierarchical medical system as an important part of the health care reform. The policy of hierarchical medical system promotion has brought many opportunities to independent clinical laboratories, and independent clinical laboratories are playing more and more important roles in regional sharing of health care resources. However, the independent clinical laboratories in China still have a very big disparity with developed countries, and are facing many challenges.