To retrospectively analyze the distribution of common viruses, bacteria and fungi in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with pneumonia in our hospital, providing etiological basis for empirical treatment of children with pneumonia.

Children with pneumonia hospitalized in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were involved, and the differences in the distribution of common viruses, bacteria and fungi in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among different age groups, severe and non-severe pneumonia were analyzed.

Total 782 cases were included, including 190 cases in severe group and 592 cases in non-severe group. Among all the children, 628 patients (80.3%) had one or more pathogens detected, and a total of 1044 strains of pathogens were detected, including 678 (64.9%) strains of virus, 238 (22.8%) strains of mycoplasma pneumoniae, 118 (11.3%) strains of bacteria and 10 (1.0%) strains of fungi. The pathogen with the highest detection rate was HCMV (30.8%), followed by mycoplasma pneumoniae (30.4%), EBV (19.1%), RSV (18.3%), RV (11.9%) and HBoV (6.3%). The highest detection rates in isolated bacterial pathogen were streptococcus pneumoniae (20 strains, 2.6%), Escherichia coli (18 strains, 2.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18 strains, 2.3%).

Pediatric pneumonia is mainly caused by virus, and HCMV and RSV are the main viral pathogens of infantile pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary bacterial pathogens. MP increases in different age groups step by step, and the detection rate is the highest in the school-age group. HCMV, RSV and Klebsiella pneumoniae are important pathogens of severe pneumonia.