随着新病原体的不断出现和传统病原体防控出现新问题，致病耐药菌不断增加、常见感染病原谱发生变化，新感染性疾病以及易感人群不断增加。现在，临床微生物实验室在临床感染性疾病诊治中能够快速、准确地检测到病原微生物，及时准确地为临床提供药物敏感试验结果，确实在医院感染控制中发挥了不可替代的作用，成为各级医疗机构控制感染的重要部门。现将微生物实验室在临床感染性疾病诊治以及在医院感染控制中的作用介绍如下。

As the emergence of new pathogens and problems within traditional pathogen prevention and control, the drug-resistant bacteria is increased, the common infection pathogenic spectrum changes, new infectious diseases and susceptible populations are also increased constantly. At present, clinical microbiology laboratories that can quickly and accurately detect the pathogenic microorganisms and provide clinical drug sensitive test results plays critical and irreplaceable roles in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. They become to be an important department of medical institutions at all levels to control infection. We summerize here the function of microbiology laboratories in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and in hospital infection control as follows.