剩余风险是指在采取风险控制和管理措施后，仍然存在且难以完全消除的风险。本文围绕医学实验室剩余风险管理的现状与进展进行综述，概述检验科和输血科实验室中常用风险管理工具在剩余风险识别、再评估、持续监测与改进中的应用现状；总结临床检验和输血安全领域中疾病相关剩余风险及输血相关剩余风险的研究进展。现有研究提示，剩余风险管理有助于持续识别现有技术与流程中的薄弱环节，并推动风险管理由实验室内部控制进一步延伸至患者安全和临床决策支持，对提升检验质量和输血安全具有重要意义。

Residual risk is the risk that remains and cannot be completely eliminated after risk control and management measures have been implemented. This review summarizes the current status and progress of residual risk management in medical laboratories. It outlines the current application of commonly used risk management tools in clinical and transfusion laboratories for residual risk identification, reassessment, continuous monitoring, and improvement, and further reviews recent advances in disease-related residual risk in clinical laboratory testing and transfusion-related residual risk in transfusion safety. Available evidence suggests that residual risk management facilitates the ongoing identification of weaknesses in existing technologies and workflows, and promotes an expansion of risk management from internal laboratory control to patient safety and clinical decision support, thereby contributing to improved laboratory quality and transfusion safety.